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Papers Published in the International Journal of Sediment Research Volume 35, No.3, 2020
Release time: 2020-03-27

International Journal of Sediment Research

Volume 35, Issue 3

Pages 227-314 (June 2020)

Spatial analysis of bacteria in brackish lake sediment

Panda, GurdeepRastogi,Ajit KumarPattnaik,VishakhaRaina,Timothy M.Vogela

Pages 227-236 

Numerical modeling of local scour due to submerged wall jets using a strict vertex-based, terrain conformal, moving-mesh technique in OpenFOAM

Xiaohui Yan, Abdolmajid Mohammadian, Colin D. Rennie

Pages237-248

Analysis of the conductive behavior of a simplified sediment system and its computational simulation

Zhengjin Weng, Zhiwei Zhao, Yong Fang, Helong Jiang, Wei Lei

Pages 249-255    

Experimental study on the effects of artificial bed roughness on turbidity currents over abrupt bed slope change

Sara Baghalian, Masoud Ghodsian

Pages 256-268  

Metals content in sediments of ephemeral streams with small reservoirs (the Negev Desert)

Ma?gorzata Kijowska-Struga?a, ?ukasz Wiejaczka, Rafa? Koz?owski, Judith Lekach

Pages269-277

Numerical modeling of scour and deposition around permeable cylindrical structures

Jiajia Pan, Zhiguo He, Wurong Shih, Niansheng Cheng

Pages278-286  

Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of humic substances from sediment and riparian soil of a highly polluted urban river (Suquía River, Córdoba, Argentina)

Carolina Merlo, Carolina Vázquez, Ana Graciela Iriarte, Carlos Matías Romero

Pages287-294

Three-dimensional simulation of horseshoe vortex and local scour around a vertical cylinder using an unstructured finite-volume technique

Wei Zhang, Miguel Uh Zapata, Xin Bai, Damien Pham-Van-Bang, Kim Dan Nguyen

Pages 295-306

Comparison of the sediment composition in relation to basic chemical, physical, and geological factors

Witold Reczyński, Katarzyna Szar?owicz, Ma?gorzata Jakubowska, Peter Bitusik, Barbara Kubica

Pages307-314

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Jean-Sebastien Beaulne, Samir R. Mishra, Mrutyunjay Suar, Ananta Narayan Panda, GurdeepRastogi,Ajit KumarPattnaik,VishakhaRaina,Timothy M.Vogela

Spatial analysis of bacteria in brackish lake sediment

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 227-236 , ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.01.003

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300044 )

Abstract:The spatial distribution of bacterial communities inhabiting sediment is heterogeneous at different spatial scales, but mostly unexplored. Here, it is postulated that the heterogeneity of the bacterial community composition varies at the same scale of the heterogeneity of sediment chemical properties. The large spatial scale (km) diversity in sediment from a brackish water lagoon (Chilika Lake, India) is studied, considering the large scale physical and chemical characteristics of land cover, climate, pH, and salinity. Seventy-two samples (24 stations, 3 seasons: winter, rainy, and summer) of sediment from Chilika Lake were analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing, and the relations with land cover and other physico-chemical parameters are discussed. More samples were collected after a severe cyclonic storm (Phailin) passed near the lagoon in 2013, to see the impact of the tropical storm on the spatial and temporal distribution of bacteria in the sediment. The results demonstrate clear spatial relations between physico-chemical parameters (e.g., salinity), land surfaces (e.g., drainage area), and the distribution of sediment microbial communities.

Keywords:Salinity;16S rRNA;Macro-scale;Sediment;GIS

 

Xiaohui Yan, Abdolmajid Mohammadian, Colin D. Rennie

Numerical modeling of local scour due to submerged wall jets using a strict vertex-based, terrain conformal, moving-mesh technique in OpenFOAM

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages237-248 , ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.007

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300019  )

Abstract:This study presents the implementation and validation of a new sediment-scour model with a strict vertex-based, terrain conformal, moving-mesh technique within the framework of OpenFOAM. OpenFOAM lacks the ability to simulate large-amplitude motion needed for analysis of sediment-scour problems, and, thus, its application normally is restricted to small-amplitude cases to prevent computational divergence due to mesh deterioration. The proposed simple, moving-mesh technique in OpenFOAM is implemented to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional automatic mesh-motion techniques in handling large-amplitude moving geometries. The model is used to simulate a simple case of prescribed boundary motion, a previous experiment in the literature, and a new laboratory experiment for local scour due to submerged wall jets. The results are compared with both the experimental and other numerical results. The comparisons demonstrate that the proposed model has the novel advantage of allowing for more severe topographic variations, and can provide more reliable predictions for the key characteristics and evolution of the bed profiles in wall jet scour problems. Furthermore, to improve the practice of modeling wall jet scour, various turbulence modeling approaches and bedload equations also are evaluated and compared.

Keywords:Numerical modeling;Sediment scour;Submerged wall jets; Moving mesh;OpenFOAM;Bed evolution

 

Zhengjin Weng, Zhiwei Zhao, Yong Fang, Helong Jiang, Wei Lei

Analysis of the conductive behavior of a simplified sediment system and its computational simulation

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 249-255, ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.002

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100162791930304X)

Abstract:Because of the important contributions of electrochemical redox reactions to biochemical cycles and their potential application for the in-situ remediation of contaminated sediment, the mechanisms of long-distance electron transport coupling spatially separated redox half reactions in sediment have drawn much attention. To explore a preliminary mechanism of long-distance electron transport in sediment, in the current study, two simplified composite systems are constructed consisting of spherical ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and rod-like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers and silica (SiO2) particles as the matrix. Two different constructed composite systems (e.g., SiO2/Fe3O4 and SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs) were used to model a three-dimensional sediment framework instead of sediment with quite complex components. The effects of the loading of conductive fillers (e.g., Fe3O4, CNTs) and the particle size of SiO2 matrix on the conductive behavior of the composite system were investigated. The results showed that both of the electrical properties of SiO2/Fe3O4 and SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs composite systems typically exhibited a non-linear conductive behavior that the electrical conductivity increased with the increasing of filler loading and showed an abrupt increase at critical filler loading. The conductivity of the SiO2/Fe3O4 and SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs composite systems with micro-sized SiO2 as the matrix was higher than that of the composite systems with nano-sized SiO2 as the matrix. Compared with the SiO2/Fe3O4 composite system, the electrical conductivity of the SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs composite system was enhanced by several orders of magnitude and only a small loading of CNTs could make the conductivity of the SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs composite system reach a higher level. The electrical conductivity predicted by the electrical conductivity model of a two-phase composite system showed a similar trend as the experimental results and the two-dimensional (2D) percolation-based model filled with rods gave a good estimation of percolation probability.

Keywords:Sediment;Ferroferric oxide;Carbon nanotubes;Conductive behavior;Simulation

 

Sara Baghalian, Masoud Ghodsian

Experimental study on the effects of artificial bed roughness on turbidity currents over abrupt bed slope change

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 256-268, ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.004

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919303063)

Abstract:A series of experimental observations are presented in the current study to discuss the effects of artificial bed roughness on the turbidity current flowing in a rectangular channel with an abrupt change in bed slope. For this purpose, two different types of elements, sinusoidal and trapezoidal, with various heights and arrangements are considered as artificial bed roughness. A Vectrino velocity meter was used to measure the velocity and sediment concentration profiles. The effects of inlet sediment concentration on front velocity, body velocity, unit discharge, sediment concentration, and suspended load transport rate also were investigated. Accurate equations were developed for estimation of the velocity of a turbidity current over smooth and rough beds. The unexpected experimental results showed that unlike the effect of roughness height, a change in the roughness arrangement has no significant influence on the velocity of a turbidity current. Also, the effect of bed roughness on the front velocity of a denser current is more significant.      

Keywords:Experimental analysis;Turbidity current;Bed roughness;Slope break;Velocity profile;Concentration profile

 

Ma?gorzata Kijowska-Struga?a, ?ukasz Wiejaczka, Rafa? Koz?owski, Judith Lekach

Metals content in sediments of ephemeral streams with small reservoirs (the Negev Desert)

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages269-277, ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.003

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919303051)

Abstract:The content of 19 metals (chromium, cobalt, nickel, strontium, arsenic, magnesium, barium, cesium, gallium, rubidium, uranium, vanadium, zinc, lead, copper, cadmium, iron, manganese, and aluminum) in sediment in three ephemeral streams (Nahal Sansana, Nahal Revivim and Nahal Pura) with reservoirs in the Negev Desert is studied herein. The study was done in September 2016. The samples were collected from the surface layer of sediment (up to 10 cm) in the reservoirs and in the channels upstream and downstream of the reservoirs. Silt, which on average, accounted for 72% dominated in the sediment. In the spatial distribution of the particle size, sand and gravel fractions were deposited in the reservoirs. Aluminum, iron, and magnesium accounted for 99% of all analyzed metals. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) showed that sediment in the Negev Desert channel upstream of the reservoirs had similar concentrations of metals. Similarities were also found between the analyzed reservoirs. The bottom sediment in reservoirs had higher concentrations of metals than sediment upstream and downstream of the reservoirs. The comparison of concentrations in upstream and downstream locations did not show any unambiguous trends because metal concentrations downstream from the reservoirs were not always lower than upstream of the reservoirs. The analysis of the sediment enrichment factor (EF) showed the highest value in the reservoirs and the lowest downstream of the reservoirs. The concentrations of most analyzed metals did not indicate the possibility of potential ecological risk (SQG).

Keywords:Metal content;Sediment;Reservoir;Arid zone;Israel

 

Jiajia Pan, Zhiguo He, Wurong Shih, Niansheng Cheng

Numerical modeling of scour and deposition around permeable cylindrical structures

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages278-286 , ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.01.001

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300020 )

Abstract:Flow past wall-mounted cylindrical structures is commonly encountered in natural rivers where piers of bridge crossings or vegetation stalks are common within channels. In the current study, the influence of cylindrical structures on flow/bathymetric alterations for three different permeabilities is explored via two-dimensional numerical modeling. In model construction processes, the structure permeability is varied with the surface void ratio along the perimeter of the cylinder, i.e. the density of emergent and submerged solid elements is used to delineate the cylinder boundaries. The validation of this model is guaranteed through careful comparison with experimental data obtained for similar hydrodynamic conditions and cylinder properties. The validated model then is applied to investigate flow properties and scour and deposition patterns with structure permeabilities of 0.0, 0.38, and 0.62. Simulated results show that a permeable structure has less impeding effects on flow than a solid cylinder. The wake velocity reduction decreases 38% with a 63% increase in the structure permeability due to increasing intensity of the bleeding flow through surface voids, causing less flow contraction and diversion, lower turbulent kinetic energy, and lower lee-side scour around the permeable structure and less deposition downstream under live-bed conditions.

Keywords:Structure permeability;Scour and deposition;Numerical modeling;Flow characteristics

 

Carolina Merlo, Carolina Vázquez, Ana Graciela Iriarte, Carlos Matías Romero

Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of humic substances from sediment and riparian soil of a highly polluted urban river (Suquía River, Córdoba, Argentina)

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages287-294, ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.10.004

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919301040 )

Abstract:The Suquía River, the largest urban river in Córdoba (Argentina), has been severely polluted for decades. Actions must be taken to restore its environmental quality by managing riparian zones for increased water-self purification. The current study aimed to characterize organic matter (OM) dynamics and humic substances (HS) spectrochemical properties along the lower-middle basin of the Suquía River. Riparian soil (0–20 cm) and sediment (0–10 cm) samples were collected from a reference location (S1) and four polluted sites (S2–S5) during a low-flow period. The contents of soil and sedimentary OM and HS fractions were analyzed by wet oxidation, as well as HS Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrochemical properties. The OM and HS fractions from riparian soil were high upstream of Córdoba City (S1 and S2, 50.2–50.4 g/kg OM) and within a 50 km downstream location (S5, 30.9 g/kg OM) owing to a surplus of fresh plant biomass-carbon (C) inputs. Highly heterogeneous sediment samples did not show any significant differences among sites (P > 0.05). The lowest values of the ratio of absorbances at 465 and 665 nm (E4/E6) (1.78) and the Δ log K (0.15) coefficient (a measure of HS maturity degree) were obtained downstream of Córdoba City, for both riparian soil and sediment, indicating that HS were enriched by more condensed aromatic structures within highly degraded portions of the river. All samples exhibited similar IR spectra, implying overlapping recalcitrant-C structures at the functional group level, but with different absorbance intensity. Data from the current study constitute a baseline for understanding the chemical nature of HS from sediment and riparian soil along the Suquía River and can be used as a reference for future studies tracking OM compositional changes over time.

Keywords:Lotic ecosystems;Organic matter;Humic acids;FT-IR spectroscopy;UV–Vis spectroscopy

 

Wei Zhang, Miguel Uh Zapata, Xin Bai, Damien Pham-Van-Bang, Kim Dan Nguyen

Three-dimensional simulation of horseshoe vortex and local scour around a vertical cylinder using an unstructured finite-volume technique

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 295-306, ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.09.001

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919300435 )

Abstract:A Large Eddy Simulation model is developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and scour process around a circular cylinder. The Navier-Stokes solver is based on the projection method and a second-order unstructured finite-volume method. A sigma-coordinate system is used to obtain an accurate representation of the evolution of the sediment-water interface. Bed erosion is simulated by solving the sediment continuity equation using a mass-conservating sand-slide algorithm and a bedload transport rate, which is based on a description of physical processes (Engelund & Freds?e, 1976). Simulations of flow around a vertical cylinder for free-slip bed, rigid bed, and live-bed cases are done. The mean velocity profile and shear stress validate the accuracy of this model. Horseshoe vortex and lee-wake vortex shedding structure are simulated, and the results are thoroughly discussed in depth. The formation and the temporal development of the scour hole and other topographic bed features are successfully reproduced. The current paper reports the first known investigation of both scour evolution and coherent structure using large-eddy simulation.

Keywords: Non-hydrostatic flows;Horseshoe vortex;Wake region;Scouring;Bedload transport

 

Witold Reczyński, Katarzyna Szar?owicz, Ma?gorzata Jakubowska, Peter Bitusik, Barbara Kubica

Comparison of the sediment composition in relation to basic chemical, physical, and geological factors

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages307-314 , ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.01.002

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300032)

Abstract:Sediment constitutes an interesting and valuable material for observation of human impact on the environment. Based on the sediment core samples in two Tatra Mountains lakes, determination of the selected elements (including cesium 137 radionuclide activity and heavy metals' concentrations) and dating of the obtained layers by the lead 210 method, chemometric analysis of the resulting data set was done. It was established, as a result of Cluster Analysis, that the variability of the determined parameters was distinct in the lakes with much higher concentrations of heavy metals in Smreczyński staw lake. Also, the influence of human activity (long distance transport of contaminants) is notable on the north slopes of the Tatras (Smreczyński staw lake) comparing to Popradske pleso lake. The examined elements can be divided into two groups –natural to the site origin (iron, manganese, and magnesium), and elements whose accumulation in the sediments can be related (at least in part) to human activity (137Cs, zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, and chromium). The results confirm the existence of the so called “screen effect”, meaning that the Tatra Mountains’ crest delimits to a considerable extent further transport of pollutants to the south side of the Tatra Mountains slopes.

Keywords:Sediment;Tatra mountains;Metals;Radionuclides;Chemometry

 

 

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