International
Journal of Sediment Research
Volume
35, Issue 3
Pages
227-314 (June 2020)
Spatial analysis of bacteria in brackish
lake sediment
Panda,
GurdeepRastogi，Ajit KumarPattnaik，VishakhaRaina，Timothy M.Vogela
Pages
227-236
Numerical modeling of local scour due to
submerged wall jets using a strict vertex-based, terrain conformal, moving-mesh
technique in OpenFOAM
Xiaohui
Yan, Abdolmajid Mohammadian, Colin D. Rennie
Pages237-248
Analysis of the conductive behavior of a
simplified sediment system and its computational simulation
Zhengjin
Weng, Zhiwei Zhao, Yong Fang, Helong Jiang, Wei Lei
Pages
249-255
Experimental study on the effects of
artificial bed roughness on turbidity currents over abrupt bed slope change
Sara
Baghalian, Masoud Ghodsian
Pages
256-268
Metals content in sediments of ephemeral
streams with small reservoirs (the Negev Desert)
Ma?gorzata
Kijowska-Struga?a, ?ukasz Wiejaczka, Rafa? Koz?owski, Judith Lekach
Pages269-277
Numerical modeling of scour and
deposition around permeable cylindrical structures
Jiajia
Pan, Zhiguo He, Wurong Shih, Niansheng Cheng
Pages278-286
Chemical and spectroscopic
characterization of humic substances from sediment and riparian soil of a
highly polluted urban river (Suquía River, Córdoba, Argentina)
Carolina
Merlo, Carolina Vázquez, Ana Graciela Iriarte, Carlos Matías Romero
Pages287-294
Three-dimensional simulation of
horseshoe vortex and local scour around a vertical cylinder using an unstructured
finite-volume technique
Wei
Zhang, Miguel Uh Zapata, Xin Bai, Damien Pham-Van-Bang, Kim Dan Nguyen
Pages
295-306
Comparison of the sediment composition
in relation to basic chemical, physical, and geological factors
Witold
Reczyński, Katarzyna Szar?owicz, Ma?gorzata Jakubowska, Peter Bitusik, Barbara
Kubica
Pages307-314
===========================================
Jean-Sebastien
Beaulne, Samir R. Mishra, Mrutyunjay Suar, Ananta Narayan Panda, GurdeepRastogi，Ajit KumarPattnaik，VishakhaRaina，Timothy M.Vogela
Spatial analysis of bacteria in brackish
lake sediment
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 227-236 , ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.01.003
（https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300044
)
Abstract:The
spatial distribution of bacterial communities inhabiting sediment is
heterogeneous at different spatial scales, but mostly unexplored. Here, it is
postulated that the heterogeneity of the bacterial community composition varies
at the same scale of the heterogeneity of sediment chemical properties. The
large spatial scale (km) diversity in sediment from a brackish water lagoon
(Chilika Lake, India) is studied, considering the large scale physical and
chemical characteristics of land cover, climate, pH, and salinity. Seventy-two
samples (24 stations, 3 seasons: winter, rainy, and summer) of sediment from
Chilika Lake were analyzed by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene
sequencing, and the relations with land cover and other physico-chemical
parameters are discussed. More samples were collected after a severe cyclonic
storm (Phailin) passed near the lagoon in 2013, to see the impact of the
tropical storm on the spatial and temporal distribution of bacteria in the
sediment. The results demonstrate clear spatial relations between
physico-chemical parameters (e.g., salinity), land surfaces (e.g., drainage
area), and the distribution of sediment microbial communities.
Keywords：Salinity；16S
rRNA；Macro-scale；Sediment；GIS
Xiaohui
Yan, Abdolmajid Mohammadian, Colin D. Rennie
Numerical modeling of local scour due to
submerged wall jets using a strict vertex-based, terrain conformal, moving-mesh
technique in OpenFOAM
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages237-248 , ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.007
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300019
)
Abstract：This
study presents the implementation and validation of a new sediment-scour model
with a strict vertex-based, terrain conformal, moving-mesh technique within the
framework of OpenFOAM. OpenFOAM lacks the ability to simulate large-amplitude
motion needed for analysis of sediment-scour problems, and, thus, its
application normally is restricted to small-amplitude cases to prevent computational
divergence due to mesh deterioration. The proposed simple, moving-mesh
technique in OpenFOAM is implemented to overcome the shortcomings of the
conventional automatic mesh-motion techniques in handling large-amplitude
moving geometries. The model is used to simulate a simple case of prescribed
boundary motion, a previous experiment in the literature, and a new laboratory
experiment for local scour due to submerged wall jets. The results are compared
with both the experimental and other numerical results. The comparisons
demonstrate that the proposed model has the novel advantage of allowing for
more severe topographic variations, and can provide more reliable predictions
for the key characteristics and evolution of the bed profiles in wall jet scour
problems. Furthermore, to improve the practice of modeling wall jet scour,
various turbulence modeling approaches and bedload equations also are evaluated
and compared.
Keywords：Numerical
modeling；Sediment
scour；Submerged
wall jets; Moving mesh；OpenFOAM；Bed
evolution
Zhengjin
Weng, Zhiwei Zhao, Yong Fang, Helong Jiang, Wei Lei
Analysis of the conductive behavior of a
simplified sediment system and its computational simulation
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 249-255, ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.002
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100162791930304X)
Abstract：Because
of the important contributions of electrochemical redox reactions to
biochemical cycles and their potential application for the in-situ remediation
of contaminated sediment, the mechanisms of long-distance electron transport
coupling spatially separated redox half reactions in sediment have drawn much
attention. To explore a preliminary mechanism of long-distance electron
transport in sediment, in the current study, two simplified composite systems
are constructed consisting of spherical ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4)
nanoparticles and rod-like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers and
silica (SiO2) particles as the matrix. Two different constructed
composite systems (e.g., SiO2/Fe3O4 and SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs)
were used to model a three-dimensional sediment framework instead of sediment
with quite complex components. The effects of the loading of conductive fillers
(e.g., Fe3O4, CNTs) and the particle size of SiO2 matrix
on the conductive behavior of the composite system were investigated. The
results showed that both of the electrical properties of SiO2/Fe3O4 and
SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs composite systems typically exhibited a non-linear
conductive behavior that the electrical conductivity increased with the
increasing of filler loading and showed an abrupt increase at critical filler
loading. The conductivity of the SiO2/Fe3O4 and SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs
composite systems with micro-sized SiO2 as the matrix was
higher than that of the composite systems with nano-sized SiO2 as
the matrix. Compared with the SiO2/Fe3O4 composite
system, the electrical conductivity of the SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs
composite system was enhanced by several orders of magnitude and only a small
loading of CNTs could make the conductivity of the SiO2/Fe3O4/CNTs
composite system reach a higher level. The electrical conductivity predicted by
the electrical conductivity model of a two-phase composite system showed a
similar trend as the experimental results and the two-dimensional (2D)
percolation-based model filled with rods gave a good estimation of percolation
probability.
Keywords：Sediment；Ferroferric
oxide；Carbon
nanotubes；Conductive
behavior；Simulation
Sara
Baghalian, Masoud Ghodsian
Experimental study on the effects of
artificial bed roughness on turbidity currents over abrupt bed slope change
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 256-268, ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.004
（https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919303063)
Abstract：A
series of experimental observations are presented in the current study to
discuss the effects of artificial bed roughness on the turbidity current
flowing in a rectangular channel with an abrupt change in bed slope. For this
purpose, two different types of elements, sinusoidal and trapezoidal, with
various heights and arrangements are considered as artificial bed roughness. A
Vectrino velocity meter was used to measure the velocity and sediment
concentration profiles. The effects of inlet sediment concentration on front
velocity, body velocity, unit discharge, sediment concentration, and suspended
load transport rate also were investigated. Accurate equations were developed
for estimation of the velocity of a turbidity current over smooth and rough
beds. The unexpected experimental results showed that unlike the effect of
roughness height, a change in the roughness arrangement has no significant
influence on the velocity of a turbidity current. Also, the effect of bed
roughness on the front velocity of a denser current is more significant.
Keywords：Experimental
analysis；Turbidity
current；Bed
roughness；Slope
break；Velocity
profile；Concentration
profile
Ma?gorzata
Kijowska-Struga?a, ?ukasz Wiejaczka, Rafa? Koz?owski, Judith Lekach
Metals content in sediments of ephemeral
streams with small reservoirs (the Negev Desert)
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages269-277, ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.12.003
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919303051)
Abstract：The
content of 19 metals (chromium, cobalt, nickel, strontium, arsenic, magnesium,
barium, cesium, gallium, rubidium, uranium, vanadium, zinc, lead, copper,
cadmium, iron, manganese, and aluminum) in sediment in three ephemeral streams
(Nahal Sansana, Nahal Revivim and Nahal Pura) with reservoirs in the Negev
Desert is studied herein. The study was done in September 2016. The samples
were collected from the surface layer of sediment (up to 10 cm) in the reservoirs
and in the channels upstream and downstream of the reservoirs. Silt, which on
average, accounted for 72% dominated in the sediment. In the spatial
distribution of the particle size, sand and gravel fractions were deposited in
the reservoirs. Aluminum, iron, and magnesium accounted for 99% of all analyzed
metals. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster
Analysis (HCA) showed that sediment in the Negev Desert channel upstream of the
reservoirs had similar concentrations of metals. Similarities were also found
between the analyzed reservoirs. The bottom sediment in reservoirs had higher
concentrations of metals than sediment upstream and downstream of the
reservoirs. The comparison of concentrations in upstream and downstream locations
did not show any unambiguous trends because metal concentrations downstream
from the reservoirs were not always lower than upstream of the reservoirs. The
analysis of the sediment enrichment factor (EF) showed the highest value in the
reservoirs and the lowest downstream of the reservoirs. The concentrations of
most analyzed metals did not indicate the possibility of potential ecological
risk (SQG).
Keywords：Metal
content；Sediment；Reservoir；Arid
zone；Israel
Jiajia
Pan, Zhiguo He, Wurong Shih, Niansheng Cheng
Numerical modeling of scour and
deposition around permeable cylindrical structures
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages278-286 , ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.01.001
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300020
)
Abstract：Flow
past wall-mounted cylindrical structures is commonly encountered in natural
rivers where piers of bridge crossings or vegetation stalks are common within
channels. In the current study, the influence of cylindrical structures on
flow/bathymetric alterations for three different permeabilities is explored via
two-dimensional numerical modeling. In model construction processes, the
structure permeability is varied with the surface void ratio along the
perimeter of the cylinder, i.e. the density of emergent and submerged solid
elements is used to delineate the cylinder boundaries. The validation of this
model is guaranteed through careful comparison with experimental data obtained
for similar hydrodynamic conditions and cylinder properties. The validated
model then is applied to investigate flow properties and scour and deposition
patterns with structure permeabilities of 0.0, 0.38, and 0.62. Simulated
results show that a permeable structure has less impeding effects on flow than
a solid cylinder. The wake velocity reduction decreases 38% with a 63% increase
in the structure permeability due to increasing intensity of the bleeding flow
through surface voids, causing less flow contraction and diversion, lower
turbulent kinetic energy, and lower lee-side scour around the permeable
structure and less deposition downstream under live-bed conditions.
Keywords：Structure
permeability；Scour
and deposition；Numerical
modeling；Flow
characteristics
Carolina
Merlo, Carolina Vázquez, Ana Graciela Iriarte, Carlos Matías Romero
Chemical and spectroscopic
characterization of humic substances from sediment and riparian soil of a
highly polluted urban river (Suquía River, Córdoba, Argentina)
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages287-294, ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.10.004
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919301040
)
Abstract：The
Suquía River, the largest urban river in Córdoba (Argentina), has been severely
polluted for decades. Actions must be taken to restore its environmental
quality by managing riparian zones for increased water-self purification. The
current study aimed to characterize organic matter (OM) dynamics and humic
substances (HS) spectrochemical properties along the lower-middle basin of the
Suquía River. Riparian soil (0–20 cm) and sediment (0–10 cm) samples
were collected from a reference location (S1) and four polluted sites (S2–S5)
during a low-flow period. The contents of soil and sedimentary OM and HS
fractions were analyzed by wet oxidation, as well as HS Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrochemical properties.
The OM and HS fractions from riparian soil were high upstream of Córdoba City
(S1 and S2, 50.2–50.4 g/kg OM) and within a 50 km downstream location
(S5, 30.9 g/kg OM) owing to a surplus of fresh plant biomass-carbon (C)
inputs. Highly heterogeneous sediment samples did not show any significant
differences among sites (P > 0.05). The lowest values of the ratio
of absorbances at 465 and 665 nm (E4/E6) (1.78) and the Δ log K
(0.15) coefficient (a measure of HS maturity degree) were obtained downstream
of Córdoba City, for both riparian soil and sediment, indicating that HS were
enriched by more condensed aromatic structures within highly degraded portions
of the river. All samples exhibited similar IR spectra, implying overlapping
recalcitrant-C structures at the functional group level, but with different
absorbance intensity. Data from the current study constitute a baseline for understanding
the chemical nature of HS from sediment and riparian soil along the Suquía
River and can be used as a reference for future studies tracking OM
compositional changes over time.
Keywords：Lotic
ecosystems；Organic
matter；Humic
acids；FT-IR
spectroscopy；UV–Vis
spectroscopy
Wei
Zhang, Miguel Uh Zapata, Xin Bai, Damien Pham-Van-Bang, Kim Dan Nguyen
Three-dimensional simulation of
horseshoe vortex and local scour around a vertical cylinder using an
unstructured finite-volume technique
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 295-306, ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.09.001
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919300435
)
Abstract：A
Large Eddy Simulation model is developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and
scour process around a circular cylinder. The Navier-Stokes solver is based on
the projection method and a second-order unstructured finite-volume method. A
sigma-coordinate system is used to obtain an accurate representation of the
evolution of the sediment-water interface. Bed erosion is simulated by solving
the sediment continuity equation using a mass-conservating sand-slide algorithm
and a bedload transport rate, which is based on a description of physical
processes (Engelund & Freds?e, 1976). Simulations of flow around a vertical
cylinder for free-slip bed, rigid bed, and live-bed cases are done. The mean
velocity profile and shear stress validate the accuracy of this model.
Horseshoe vortex and lee-wake vortex shedding structure are simulated, and the
results are thoroughly discussed in depth. The formation and the temporal
development of the scour hole and other topographic bed features are
successfully reproduced. The current paper reports the first known
investigation of both scour evolution and coherent structure using large-eddy
simulation.
Keywords:
Non-hydrostatic flows；Horseshoe
vortex；Wake
region；Scouring；Bedload
transport
Witold
Reczyński, Katarzyna Szar?owicz, Ma?gorzata Jakubowska, Peter Bitusik, Barbara
Kubica
Comparison of the sediment composition
in relation to basic chemical, physical, and geological factors
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume
35, Issue 3, 2020, Pages307-314 , ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.01.002
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627920300032)
Abstract：Sediment
constitutes an interesting and valuable material for observation of human
impact on the environment. Based on the sediment core samples in two Tatra
Mountains lakes, determination of the selected elements (including cesium 137
radionuclide activity and heavy metals' concentrations) and dating of the
obtained layers by the lead 210 method, chemometric analysis of the resulting
data set was done. It was established, as a result of Cluster Analysis, that
the variability of the determined parameters was distinct in the lakes with
much higher concentrations of heavy metals in Smreczyński staw lake. Also, the
influence of human activity (long distance transport of contaminants) is
notable on the north slopes of the Tatras (Smreczyński staw lake) comparing to
Popradske pleso lake. The examined elements can be divided into two groups
–natural to the site origin (iron, manganese, and magnesium), and elements
whose accumulation in the sediments can be related (at least in part) to human
activity (137Cs, zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, and chromium). The
results confirm the existence of the so called “screen effect”, meaning that
the Tatra Mountains’ crest delimits to a considerable extent further transport
of pollutants to the south side of the Tatra Mountains slopes.
Keywords：Sediment；Tatra
mountains；Metals；Radionuclides；Chemometry
