International Journal of
Sediment Research
Volume 34, Issue 6
Pages 509-616 (December
2019)
Bedload transport from
analytical and turbulence phenomenological perspectives
Subhasish Dey, Sk Zeeshan
Ali, Ellora Padhi
Pages 509-530
From fluvial dynamics to
eco-fluvial dynamics
Guojian He, Hongwei Fang,
Jianyu Wang, Tao Zhang
Pages 531-536
Modeling the impact of
dam removal on channel evolution and sediment delivery in a multiple dam
setting
R.E. Poeppl, T.
Coulthard, S.D. Keesstra, M. Keiler
Pages 537-549
Turbulent mechanisms in
open channel sediment-laden flows
Hai Huang, Hongwu Zhang,
Deyu Zhong, Yinglong J. Zhang
Pages 550-563
Laboratory experiments
evaluating sedimentation and mound formation of obliquely discharged sand
particles in stagnant water
Masoud Manzouri, Amir
Hossein Azimi
Pages 564-576
Application of Bayesian
model and discriminant function analysis to the estimation of sediment source
contributions
Pengfei Du, Donghao
Huang, Duihu Ning, Yuehong Chen, BingLiu, JianWang, Jingjing Xu
Pages 577-590
Small river basin and
estuarine sediment fluxes: The magnitude necessary for coastal dispersion and
siltation effects on a coral reef
Paula Sagili?o Isacksson,
Eduardo Guilherme Gentil de Farias, Francisco José Dias, Roberto Nascimento de
Farias, Anandra Machado, Francisco de Assis Esteves, Mauricio Mussi Molisani
Pages 591-599
Comparing carbon
accumulation in restored and natural wetland soils of coastal Louisiana
Glenn M. Suir, Charles E.
Sasser, Ronald D. DeLaune, Elizabeth O. Murray
Pages 600-607
The use of woods-run
chips in filter socks to control erosion and sedimentation during petroleum
development in the Appalachian Basin
Shawn T. Grushecky, Louis
M. McDonald, Lawrence Osborn
Pages 608-615
===========================================
Subhasish Dey, Sk Zeeshan
Ali, Ellora Padhi,
Bedload transport from
analytical and turbulence phenomenological perspectives,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 509-530,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.08.002.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919301714)
Abstract
In this paper, we present
the dynamics of bedload transport from two different perspectives. They are the
analytical perspective and the turbulence phenomenological perspective. In
bedload transport from the analytical perspective, we highlight the systematic
advances in the analytical modelling of bedload transport over the decades.
These advances are principally classified into three broad foundations, namely,
the deterministic foundation, that includes the bed shear stress concept,
stream power concept, force balance concept and bedform concept, and the
probabilistic foundation and the turbulence phenomenological foundation of
bedload transport. The bedload transport from the turbulence phenomenological
perspective brings into focus the bedload-induced turbulence phenomenology,
including the hydrodynamics of mobile-bed and water-worked bed flows. We also
discuss the recent advances in the biofilm-coated bedload transport. Finally,
conclusion is drawn, highlighting the major research challenges.
Keywords
Bedload transport; Fluvial
hydraulics; Sediment transport; Turbulent flow
Guojian He, Hongwei Fang,
Jianyu Wang, Tao Zhang,
From fluvial dynamics to
eco-fluvial dynamics,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 531-536,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.05.002.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627919301404)
Abstract
Sediment plays a very
important role in the functioning of river ecosystems. It is the basic
substance for the survival of benthic animals and aquatic plants. On the other
hand, the growth of biofilms and bio-disturbance of benthos affect the sediment
transport characteristics. With the increasing attention to protect aquatic
ecosystems, the importance of habitats has become increasingly researched. The
need to study the interactions among sediment, flow, riverbed deformation, and
aquatic ecosystems naturally leads to the proposed discipline of eco-fluvial
dynamics. In this paper, the basic concept and main research content of
eco-fluvial dynamics is introduced with the Yarlung Tsangpo River as the
research example. This case study is an example of an aquatic ecosystem in an
ever-changing environment because of the effects of climate change. The results
of analysis of eco-fluvial dynamics will provide a scientific basis for
decision support for the government.
Keywords
Fluvial dynamics; Eco-fluvial
dynamics; Water and sediment transport; Aquatic ecosystems; Interactive
response
R.E. Poeppl, T.
Coulthard, S.D. Keesstra, M. Keiler,
Modeling the impact of
dam removal on channel evolution and sediment delivery in a multiple dam
setting,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 537-549,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.06.001.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918303445)
Abstract
Dam removal can generate
geomorphic disturbances, including channel bed and bank erosion and associated
abrupt/pulsed release and downstream transfer of reservoir sediment, but the
type and rate of geomorphic response often are hard to predict. The situation
gets even more complex in systems which have been impacted by multiple dams and
a long and complex engineering history. In previous studies one-dimensional
(1-D) models were used to predict aspects of post-removal channel change.
However, these models do not consider two-dimensional (2-D) effects of dam
removal such as bank erosion processes and lateral migration. In the current
study the impacts of multiple dams and their removal on channel evolution and
sediment delivery were modeled by using a 2-D landscape evolution model
(CAESAR-Lisflood) focusing on the following aspects: patterns, rates, and
processes of geomorphic change and associated sediment delivery on annual to decadal
timescales. The current modeling study revealed that geomorphic response to dam
removal (i.e., channel evolution and associated rates of sediment delivery) in
multiple dam settings is variable and complex in space and time. Complexity in
geomorphic system response is related to differences in dam size, the proximity
of upstream dams, related buffering effects and associated rates of upstream
sediment supply, and emerging feedback processes as well as to the presence of
channel stabilization measures. Modeled types and rates of geomorphic
adjustment, using the 2-D landscape evolution model CAESAR-Lisflood, are
similar to those reported in previous studies. Moreover, the use of a 2-D
method showed some advantages compared to 1-D models, generating spatially
varying patterns of erosion and deposition before and after dam removal that
provide morphologies that are more readily comparable to field data as well as
features like the lateral re-working of past reservoir deposits which further
enables the maintenance of sediment delivery downstream.
Keywords
Reservoir and river
management; Landscape evolution modeling; Sediment pulses; River engineering; Legacy
effects; Complexity
Hai Huang, Hongwu Zhang,
Deyu Zhong, Yinglong J. Zhang,
Turbulent mechanisms in
open channel sediment-laden flows,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 550-563,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.06.002.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918302865)
Abstract
The effects of turbulence
on water-sediment mixtures is a critical issue in studying sediment-laden
flows. The sediment concentrations and particle inertia play a significant role
in the effects of turbulence on mixtures. A two-phase mixture turbulence model
was applied to investigate the turbulence mechanisms affecting sediment-laden
flows. The two-phase mixture turbulence model takes into account the
complicated mechanisms arising from interphase transfer of turbulent kinetic
energy, particle collisions, and stratification. The turbulence in
sediment-laden flows is the result of the interaction of four factors, i.e. the
production, dissipation, diffusion, and inter-phase transfer of turbulent
kinetic energy of mixtures. The turbulence production and dissipation are two
dominant processes which balance the turbulent kinetic energy of mixtures. The
turbulence production represents turbulence intensity, while the inter-phase
transfer of turbulent kinetic energy denotes the effect of particles on the
turbulence of sediment-laden flows. Although, the magnitude of the inter-phase
interaction term is much less than that of the turbulence production and
dissipation terms, due to an approximate local balance between production and
dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy, even the small order of the
inter-phase interaction has a significant impact on the turbulent balance of
sediment-laden flows. The presence of particles plays a duel role in the
turbulence dissipation of mixtures: both promotion and suppression. An
important parameter used to determine the turbulent viscosity of mixtures,
which is constant in clear water, is the function of the sediment concentration
and particle inertia in sediment-laden flows.
Keywords
Turbulence modulation; Two-phase
mixture turbulence model; Suspended sediment; Open channels
Masoud Manzouri, Amir
Hossein Azimi,
Laboratory experiments
evaluating sedimentation and mound formation of obliquely discharged sand
particles in stagnant water,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 564-576,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.05.003.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918303585)
Abstract
Many parameters are
involved in the deposition of a known mass of sand particles discharge from
oblique pipes used in a range of engineering applications. Existing knowledge
is not sufficient to accurately predict sediment mound dimensions and
development from vertical and horizontal pipes. To better understand deposition
patterns, laboratory experiments were done to investigate the development of
subaqueous sand deposits from oblique pipes in stagnant water. Factors
including nozzle diameter, release angle, release height, and sand mass were
evaluated. It was found that nozzle size plays the most important role in shape
formation and mound development. Release angle and release height were
secondarily important. Five different shape patterns were observed and denoted
as circular, ellipse, circular-ring, ellipse-ring, and pear-shaped. The scour
hole diameter in the middle of the sediment mound was predicted using
engineering assumptions and available semi-empirical correlations from the
literature. It was found that the existing formulations can accurately predict
the size of the scour hole for large release angles (θ = 60°). An aspect ratio
of L/d0 was defined to combine the effect of nozzle size, d0,
and sand mass where L is the equivalent length of sand particles in a pipe. It
was found that the mass balance equation can predict the deposition for L/ d0
< 100. For higher aspect ratios, semi-empirical formulations were developed
to predict the deposition length, width, height, and area with ±10% error.
Keywords
Mound development; Sediment
deposition; Sand jets; Particle clouds; Underwater mound
Pengfei Du, Donghao
Huang, Duihu Ning, Yuehong Chen, BingLiu, JianWang, Jingjing Xu,
Application of Bayesian
model and discriminant function analysis to the estimation of sediment source
contributions,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 577-590,
ISSN 100-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.05.005.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100162791830355X)
Abstract
Bayesian and discriminant
function analysis (DFA) models have recently been used as tools to estimate
sediment source contributions. Unlike existing multivariate mixing models, the
accuracy of these two models remains unclear. In the current study, four well-distinguished
source samples were used to create artificial mixtures to test the performance
of Bayesian and DFA models. These models were tested against the
Walling-Collins model, a credible model used in estimation of sediment source
contributions estimation, as a reference. The artificial mixtures were divided
into five groups, with each group consisting of five samples with known source
percentages. The relative contributions of the sediment sources to the
individual and grouped samples were calculated using each of the models. The
mean absolute error (MAE) and standard error of (SE) MAE were used to test the
accuracy of each model and the robustness of the optimized solutions. For the
individual sediment samples, the calculated source contributions obtained with
the Bayesian (MAE = 7.4%, SE = 0.6%) and Walling-Collins (MAE = 7.5%, SE =
0.7%) models produced results which were closest to the actual percentages of
the source contributions to the sediment mixtures. The DFA model produced the
worst estimates (MAE = 18.4%, SE = 1.4%). For the grouped sediment samples, the
Walling-Collins model (MAE = 5.4%) was the best predictor, closely followed by
the Bayesian model (MAE = 5.9%). The results obtained with the DFA model were
similar to the values for the individual sediment samples, with the accuracy of
the source contribution value being the poorest obtained with any of the models
(MAE = 18.5%). An increase in sample size improved the accuracies of the
Walling-Collins and Bayesian models, but the DFA model produced similarly
inaccurate results for both the individual and grouped sediment samples.
Generally, the accuracy of the Walling-Collins and Bayesian models was similar
(p > 0.01), while there were significant differences (p < 0.01) between
the DFA model and the other models. This study demonstrated that the Bayesian
model could provide a credible estimation of sediment source contributions and
has great practical potential, while the accuracy of the DFA model still
requires considerable improvement.
Keywords
Sediment fingerprinting; Sediment
source contribution; Walling-Collins model; Bayesian model; Discriminant
function analysis
Paula Sagili?o Isacksson,
Eduardo Guilherme Gentil de Farias, Francisco José Dias, Roberto Nascimento de
Farias, Anandra Machado, Francisco de Assis Esteves, Mauricio Mussi Molisani,
Small river basin and
estuarine sediment fluxes: The magnitude necessary for coastal dispersion and
siltation effects on a coral reef,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 591-599,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.04.002.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918301823)
Abstract
Increasing continental
suspended sediment influx to coral reefs is an example of land-sea coupling
that requires the identification of sources, magnitude of transport, and
controlling processes. In Brazil, a small coastal basin (Macaé River) was
identified as a source of suspended sediment to a coral reef on the coast of
Cape Arma??o dos Búzios. Biannual suspended sediment loads were measured at the
basin as were fluxes within the estuary and towards the coast during eight
tidal cycles. Particle load and yield from this basin were typical of small
coastal basins, showing high to moderate slopes and transitional land
management. However, the magnitude of the river loads was lower than the
sediment transport within the estuary, indicating that the estuary amplifies
river fluxes and sustains the transference of suspended sediment alongshore to
the coral reef. Nonetheless, the estuary displays both suspended particle
retention and export capacity and, therefore, fluxes to the coast and the coral
reef occur as episodic events.
Keywords
Suspended matter; Watershed;
Mass-balance budget; Campos Basin
Glenn M. Suir, Charles E.
Sasser, Ronald D. DeLaune, Elizabeth O. Murray,
Comparing carbon
accumulation in restored and natural wetland soils of coastal Louisiana,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 600-607,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2019.05.001.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918302841)
Abstract
Louisiana's chronic
wetland deterioration has resulted in massive soil organic matter loss and
subsequent carbon release through oxidation. To combat these losses, and
reestablish ecosystem function, goods, and services, many restoration projects
have been constructed or planned throughout coastal Louisiana. There are
significant data gaps and conflicting results regarding wetland contributions
to global warming, especially related to carbon sequestration in restored
wetlands. An exceptionally large data set was used to derive carbon
accumulation rates from key soil characteristics and processes. Assessments and
comparisons of bulk density, organic matter, total carbon, vertical accretion
(short- and longer-term), and carbon accumulation rates were made across time
(chronosequence) and space (i.e., coastwide, watershed basins, and vegetation
zones). Carbon accumulation rates in the Louisiana coastal zone were generally
correlated to hydrogeomorphology, with higher rates occurring in zones of high
river connectivity or in swamp or higher salinity tolerant marsh. On average,
naturally occurring wetlands had higher carbon accumulation rates than
restoration sites. Although some restoration measures were higher, and most
showed increasing carbon accumulation rates over time. Results demonstrate that
although wetland restoration provides many ecosystem benefits, the associated
carbon sequestration may also provide useful measures for climate change
management.
Keywords
Wetland productivity; Chronosequence;
Carbon sequestration; Wetland restoration; Coastal Louisiana
Shawn T. Grushecky, Louis
M. McDonald, Lawrence Osborn,
The use of woods-run
chips in filter socks to control erosion and sedimentation during petroleum
development in the Appalachian Basin,
International Journal of
Sediment Ressearch,
Volume 34, Issue 6,
2019,
Pages 608-615,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.12.001.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918302105)
Abstract
Filter socks frequently
are used for erosion and sediment perimeter control during oil and gas development
activities in the Appalachian Basin of the United States. Regulations specify
the use of composted wood material for sock construction. This specification,
as opposed to non-composted or fresh wood chips (woods-run), has created
inefficiencies during well site construction. Rather than use fresh wood chips
created during site construction, composted chips must be procured and used as
filter sock media for erosion and sedimentation mitigation. If woods-run chips
could be used as filter sock media instead of composted chips, there could be a
significant reduction in energy/capital costs, truck traffic, and disposal
costs. The primary objective of this research project was to compare the
effectiveness of woods-run material versus traditionally composted wood chips
in controlling sediment transport as well as other chemical and physical
parameters in a laboratory setting. No significant differences in pH (5.96
versus 6.02) or conductivity (0.029?dS/m versus 0.035?dS/m) were found in
sediment laden water filtered through woods-run versus composted chips,
respectively. However, chip particle sizes were outside the allowable limits
for composted sock media, and moisture content also was outside the specified
limits for woods-run chips. Nitrate (NO3) concentrations were
significantly higher in woods-run, while phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)
concentrations were greater in composted chips; however none of the N,P, or K
concentrations were above the regulatory requirements. Finally, no difference
in the filtering efficiency or time was found between woods-run and composted
material. The laboratory results indicate that current regulations allowing the
use of woods-run chips in all but the highest quality watersheds is justified.
Keywords
BMP; Filter socks; Petroleum
exploration; Marcellus shale; Wood chips
