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Papers Published in the International Journal of Sediment Research Volume 34, No.3, 2019
Release time: 2019-03-29

Papers Published in the International Journal of Sediment Research Volume 34, No.3, 2019

 

International Journal of Sediment Research

Volume 34, Issue 3

Pages 191-294 (June 2019)

Satellite-based monitoring of contrasting characteristics of suspended sediment discharged from the Red and the Ma river systems along the northern coast of Vietnam

Yoshimitsu Tajima, Kavinda Gunasekara, Hung Thanh Nguyen

Pages 191-204

Wind-induced hydrodynamic changes impact on sediment resuspension for large, shallow Lake Taihu, China

Abdul Jalil, Yiping Li, Ke Zhang, Xiaomeng Gao, Wencai Wang, Hafiz Osama SarwarKhan, BaozhuPan, SalarAli, Kumud Acharya,

Pages 205-215

An optimized use of limited ground based topographic data for river applications

Mohamed Jaballah, Benoit Camenen, André Paquier, Magali Jodeau

Pages 216-225

Simulating soil loss rate in Ekbatan Dam watershed using experimental and statistical approaches

Seyed Davood Mohammadi, Fateme Naseri, Roghaye Abri

Pages 226-239

Numerical modeling of lock-exchange gravity/turbidity currents by a high-order upwinding combined compact difference scheme

Liang Zhao, Ching-Hao Yu, Zhiguo He

Pages 240-250

Distribution of geochemical fractions of phosphorus and its ecological risk in sediment cores of a largest brackish water lake, South Asia

Saroja Kumar Barik, Satyanarayan Bramha, Tapan Kumar Bastia, Dibakar Behera, Pratap KumarMohanty, Prasanta Rath

Pages 251-261

The ratio of measured to total sediment discharge

Chun-Yao Yang, Pierre Y. Julien

Pages 262-269

Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion

Morteza Alavinia, Farzin Nasiri Saleh, Hossain Asadi

Pages 270-278

Numerical simulation of sedimentation process in reservoirs and development of a non-coupled algorithm to improve long-term modeling

Zeinab Khorrami, Mohammad Ali Banihashemi

Pages 279-294

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Yoshimitsu Tajima, Kavinda Gunasekara, Hung Thanh Nguyen,

Satellite-based monitoring of contrasting characteristics of suspended sediment discharged from the Red and the Ma river systems along the northern coast of Vietnam,

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 191-204,

ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.004. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917304055)

Abstract

The northern coast of Vietnam has accumulated a significant amount of sediment discharged from the multiple distributaries of rivers such as the Red River and Ma River. While recent decreases of the sediment supply appears to have a significant impact on coastal erosion, the complex network of these distributaries makes it difficult to determine the overall spatiotemporal characteristics of sediment discharges and related topographic changes. The goal of the current study is to develop a satellite-based monitoring system for observation of turbidity discharged from the multiple rivers and to investigate the applicability of the developed monitoring system through a case study on the northern coast of Vietnam. Based on the in-situ observed data, a formula was determined for estimation of the surface water turbidity as a function of the red band reflectance of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) images. The formula was then combined with a newly determined threshold for cloud-masking to obtain maps of the nearshore turbidity patterns. These maps capture the spatiotemporal water surface turbidity along the entire coast of the Red River Delta and the coast around the Ma River mouth over the past sixteen years with frequency of twice a day. Finally, long-term trends of the turbidity patterns from multiple rivers were compared with the in-situ observation data and it was found that the Red River and the Ma River showed clearly contrasting characteristics, which reasonably explain the recent coastal shoreline changes and characteristics of sediment sampled along the coast.

Keywords

Turbidity; River mouth; Coastal erosion; MODIS

Abdul Jalil, Yiping Li, Ke Zhang, Xiaomeng Gao, Wencai Wang, Hafiz Osama SarwarKhan, BaozhuPan, SalarAli, Kumud Acharya,

Wind-induced hydrodynamic changes impact on sediment resuspension for large, shallow Lake Taihu, China,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 205-215,

ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.003.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303797)

Abstract

The internal sediment release is a key factor controlling eutrophication processes in large, shallow lakes. Sediment resuspension is associated with the wave and current induced shear stress in large, shallow lakes. The current study investigated the wind field impacts on sediment resuspension from the bottom at Meiliang Bay of large, shallow Lake Taihu. The impacts of the wind field on the wave, current, and wave-current combined shear stresses were calculated. The critical wind speed range was 4–6?m/s after which wave and current shear stress started to increase abruptly, and onshore wind directions were found to be mainly responsible for greater shear stress at the bottom of Lake Taihu. A second order polynomial fitting correlation was found between wave (R2 0.4756) and current (R2 0.4466) shear stresses with wind speed. Wave shear stress accounted for 92.5% of the total shear stress at Meiliang Bay. The critical wave shear stress and critical total shear stress were 0.13?N/m2 for sediment resuspension whereas the current shear stress was 0.019?N/m2 after which suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) increased abruptly. A second order polynomial fitting correlation was found between wave (R2 0.739), current (R20.6264), and total shear stress (R2 0.7394) with SSC concentrations at Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu. The sediment resuspension rate was 120 to 738?g/m2/d during 4–6?m/s onshore winds while offshore winds contributed ≥ 200?g/m2/d. The study results reveal the driving mechanism for understanding the role of the wind field in sediment resuspension while considering wind speed and direction as control parameters to define wave and current shear stresses.

Keywords

Shear stress; Sediment resuspension; Lake Taihu; Hydrodynamics; Wind field

Mohamed Jaballah, Benoit Camenen, André Paquier, Magali Jodeau,

An optimized use of limited ground based topographic data for river applications,

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 216-225,

ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.002. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303840)

Abstract

A prime requirement for hydrological applications, such as sediment budgeting or numerical modelling, is that produced Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) accurately represent the shape of landforms, especially for river reaches where data are not homogeneous. DTM error is a function of data point measurement accuracy and density and also of the field survey strategy when limited amounts of data will be acquired. This paper aims to advance the importance of the field survey strategy for the specific, but common cases, where only limited topographic data will be available. This methodology is based on the idea that any feature can be properly described by a set of cross sections and breaklines describing both main and secondary directions of the flow. Then, a longitudinal linear interpolation can be applied to the defined homogeneous zones. This morphologically oriented (MO) method that includes data acquisition strategy and interpolation, was validated using a reference DTM derived from LiDAR measurements. An estimation of the uncertainties also is suggested based on the distance of the nearest point and the local slope using a geographically weighted regression. The proposed MO method is typically applicable to Alpine river reaches characterized by multiple channels that may always be underwater and not navigable such as an alternate bar system with secondary and transverse channels.

Keywords

Digital Terrain Model; Survey strategy; Interpolation; DTM error; Gravel bar

Seyed Davood Mohammadi, Fateme Naseri, Roghaye Abri,

Simulating soil loss rate in Ekbatan Dam watershed using experimental and statistical approaches,

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 226-239,

ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.013.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917302688)

Abstract

Reservoir sedimentation resulting from water erosion is an important environmental issue in many countries where storage of water is crucial for economic and agricultural development. Therefore, this paper reports results from analysis of the soil hydrological response, i.e. soil water erosion, to simulated rainfall resulting in sediment accumulation at the reservoir of Ekbatan Dam (Hamedan province, Iran). Also, another objective of this study was to simulate the future trends in reservoir sedimentation (soil loss rate; SLR) from indoor rainfall simulator data by multiple linear regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). For this research, three sampling points with different types of soils were chosen including clayey sand soil (SC-SM), silty soil (ML), and clayey soil (CL). The input parameters were slope gradient (sin θ), soil type (St), water content (w), dry density (?d), shear strength (τ), unconfined compressive strength (qu), permeability (k), and California bearing ratio (CBR). Using MLR and ANN methods, 7 models were developed with 2 constant predictors (i.e. sin θ and St) and 6 free predictors which were added in each step one by one. Among MLR models, model 5 with St, sin θ, ?d, τ, w, and qu as input parameters was statistically significant. Among ANN models, model 4 with St, sin θ, ?d, τ, and w as input parameters, 9 nodes, and 1 hidden layer was statistically significant. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean error (ME), and correlation coefficient (R) values were 1.433?kg/m2 h, 0.0195?kg/m2 h, and 0.698 for the MLR model and 0.38?kg/m2 h, 0.151?kg/m2 h, and 0.98 for the ANN model, respectively. These results show that the ANN model could better predict the SLR in comparison to the MLR model. The results also demonstrate that shear strength, among the strength parameters, had a greater impact on the SLR than compressive strengths (qu and CBR). Last but not the least, the reservoir sedimentation was estimated for all methods and compared with the observed data. The results indicate that the ANN model is more appropriate for forecasting/simulating the sediment yield for a small watershed.

Keywords

Soil erosion; Catchment; Rainfall simulation; Sediment yield estimation; Soil properties; Modeling

Liang Zhao, Ching-Hao Yu, Zhiguo He,

Numerical modeling of lock-exchange gravity/turbidity currents by a high-order upwinding combined compact difference scheme,

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 240-250,

ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.001. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303347)

Abstract

This study presents two-dimensional direct numerical simulations for sediment-laden current with higher density propagating forward through a lighter ambient water. The incompressible NavierStokes equations including the buoyancy force for the density difference between the light and heavy fluids are solved by a finite difference scheme based on a structured mesh. The concentration transport equations are used to explore such rich transport phenomena as gravity and turbidity currents. Within the framework of an Upwinding Combined Compact finite Difference (UCCD) scheme, rigorous determination of weighting coefficients underlies the modified equation analysis and the minimization of the numerical modified wavenumber. This sixth-order UCCD scheme is implemented in a four-point grid stencil to approximate advection and diffusion terms in the concentration transport equations and the first-order derivative terms in the Navier-Stokes equations, which can greatly enhance convective stability and increase dispersive accuracy at the same time. The initial discontinuous concentration field is smoothed by solving a newly proposed Heaviside function to prevent numerical instabilities and unreasonable concentration values. A two-step projection method is then applied to obtain the velocity field. The numerical algorithm shows a satisfying ability to capture the generation, development, and dissipation of the Kelvin-Helmholz instabilities and turbulent billows at the interface between the current and the ambient fluid. The simulation results also are compared with the data in published literatures and good agreements are found to prove that the present numerical model can well reproduce the propagation, particle deposition, and mixing processes of lock-exchange gravity and turbidity currents.

Keywords

Gravity current; Turbidity current; Depth-resolving mathematical model; Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations; Upwinding; Combined Compact Difference (UCCD) scheme

Saroja Kumar Barik, Satyanarayan Bramha, Tapan Kumar Bastia, Dibakar Behera, Pratap KumarMohanty, Prasanta Rath,

Distribution of geochemical fractions of phosphorus and its ecological risk in sediment cores of a largest brackish water lake, South Asia,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 251-261,

ISSN 100-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.004.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918300076)

Abstract

The current study focuses on the vertical profile of different geochemical fractions of phosphorus - loosely bound (Lo–P), aluminium bound (Al–P), iron bound (Fe–P), calcium bound (Ca–P), and organic bound phosphorus (O–P) along with ecological risk assessment of sediment cores from Chilika Lake, east-coast of India. The percentage contribution of the different fractions to the sedimentary phosphorus in the sediment column of the whole lake are on the order: O–P (33.2%) > Ca–P (20.3%) > Fe–P (18%) > Al–P (6.7%) > Lo–P (0.35%). The Phosphorus Pollution Index (PPI) revealed the contamination of lake sediment with phosphorus. The principal component and cluster analyses highlighted the anthropogenic contribution of phosphorus. The negative loading of Ca–P with Ca points towards its origin from marine shells. The discriminate analysis showed that the variables like Ca–P, bio-available phosphorus (BAP), and pH were able to effectively discriminate the sectors in a significant manner.

Keywords

Phosphorus fractions; Ecological risk; Sediment core; Chilika Lake

Chun-Yao Yang, Pierre Y. Julien,

The ratio of measured to total sediment discharge,

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 262-269,

ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.005. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100162791830026X)

Abstract

It is important to examine the ratio of measured to total sediment discharge to determine the error in measured sediment transport rates from depth-integrated samplers. The ratio of measured to total sediment discharge as well as the ratio of suspended to total sediment discharge are examined based on the Modified Einstein Procedure. Both ratios reduce to a function of the ratio of shear velocity, u*, to the fall velocity, ω, of suspended material, u*/ω, and the ratio, h/ds, of flow depth, h, to the median grain size of bed material, d50. In rivers transporting fine material (such as silt or clay), the ratio of suspended to total load is a function of the ratio, h/d50. In this study, it is found that the ratio of measured to total load becomes a simple function of flow depth. For fine sediment transport, with a Rouse number (Ro) <0.3, at least 80% of sediment load is in suspension when h/d50>15, and at least 90% of sediment load is measured from depth integrating samples when h>1m. Detailed measurements from 35 river stations in South Korea demonstrate that sand sizes and finer fractions predominantly are transported in suspension. Also, at least 90% of sand and finer fractions are transported in suspension in gravel and sand bed rivers when the discharge is larger than the mean annual discharge.

Keywords

Modied Einstein Procedure; Total sediment load; South Korea

Morteza Alavinia, Farzin Nasiri Saleh, Hossain Asadi,

Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion,

International Journal of Sediment Research,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 270-278,

ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.001. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918300234)

Abstract

Rainfall-induced erosion involves the detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their transport by the combined action of the shallow surface runoff and raindrop impact. Although temporal variation in rainfall intensity (pattern) during natural rainstorms is a common phenomenon, the available information is inadequate to understand its effects on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion processes. To address this issue, four simulated rainfall patterns (constant, increasing, decreasing, and increasing - decreasing) with the same total kinetic energy were designed. Two soil types (sandy and sandy loam) were subjected to simulated rainfall using 15?cm × 30?cm long detachment trays under infiltration conditions. For each simulation, runoff and sediment concentration were sampled at regular intervals. No obvious difference was observed in runoff across the two soil types, but there were significant differences in soil losses among the different rainfall patterns and stages. For varying-intensity rainfall patterns, the dominant sediment transport mechanism was not only influenced by raindrop detachment but also was affected by raindrop-induced shallow flow transport. Moreover, the efficiency of equations that predict the interrill erosion rate increased when the integrated raindrop impact and surface runoff rate were applied. Although the processes of interrill erosion are complex, the findings in this study may provide useful insight for developing models that predict the effects of rainfall pattern on runoff and erosion.

Keywords

Rainfall pattern; Sediment concentration; Soil loss; Sediment transport mechanisms

Zeinab Khorrami, Mohammad Ali Banihashemi,

Numerical simulation of sedimentation process in reservoirs and development of a non-coupled algorithm to improve long-term modeling,

International Journal of Sediment Ressearch,

Volume 34, Issue 3,

2019,

Pages 279-294,

ISSN 1001-6279,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.003.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918300222)

Abstract

This paper investigates the validity of a quasi-steady approximation for sediment transport and presents a new algorithm based on this concept. The developed non-coupled algorithm interacts among hydrodynamic, sediment, and morphology modules which are based on depth-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the flow, the three-dimensional equation of conservation of sediment, and the mass balance between the bed and sediment (Exner equation) to simulate the reservoir sedimentation process. The non-coupled algorithm solves both the short-term scale and the relatively long-term scale problems of reservoir sedimentation. The proposed algorithm is verified using field data and by comparison with other accurate algorithms. Based upon the results of this investigation, the developed algorithm can be used to simulate long-term reservoir sedimentation while considerably decreasing the computational costs and preserving computational accuracy. The computational cost of the non-coupled algorithm is about 97% less than the conventional semi-coupled approach whereas the errors (Root Mean Square Error, Average Relative Error, and Maximum Relative Error of bed level) of the developed algorithm are approximately 15% greater than those for the semi-coupled algorithm for the average value.

Keywords

Long-term simulation; Reservoir; Coupling algorithm; Sediment and morphology; Non-coupled; Semi-coupled

 

 

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