Papers Published in the
International Journal of Sediment Research Volume 34, No.3, 2019
International Journal of
Sediment Research
Volume 34, Issue 3
Pages 191-294 (June 2019)
Satellite-based
monitoring of contrasting characteristics of suspended sediment discharged from
the Red and the Ma river systems along the northern coast of Vietnam
Yoshimitsu Tajima,
Kavinda Gunasekara, Hung Thanh Nguyen
Pages 191-204
Wind-induced hydrodynamic
changes impact on sediment resuspension for large, shallow Lake Taihu, China
Abdul Jalil, Yiping Li,
Ke Zhang, Xiaomeng Gao, Wencai Wang, Hafiz Osama SarwarKhan, BaozhuPan,
SalarAli, Kumud Acharya,
Pages 205-215
An optimized use of
limited ground based topographic data for river applications
Mohamed Jaballah, Benoit
Camenen, André Paquier, Magali Jodeau
Pages 216-225
Simulating soil loss rate
in Ekbatan Dam watershed using experimental and statistical approaches
Seyed Davood Mohammadi,
Fateme Naseri, Roghaye Abri
Pages 226-239
Numerical modeling of
lock-exchange gravity/turbidity currents by a high-order upwinding combined
compact difference scheme
Liang Zhao, Ching-Hao Yu,
Zhiguo He
Pages 240-250
Distribution of geochemical
fractions of phosphorus and its ecological risk in sediment cores of a largest
brackish water lake, South Asia
Saroja Kumar Barik,
Satyanarayan Bramha, Tapan Kumar Bastia, Dibakar Behera, Pratap KumarMohanty,
Prasanta Rath
Pages 251-261
The ratio of measured to
total sediment discharge
Chun-Yao Yang, Pierre Y.
Julien
Pages 262-269
Effects of rainfall
patterns on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion
Morteza Alavinia, Farzin
Nasiri Saleh, Hossain Asadi
Pages 270-278
Numerical simulation of
sedimentation process in reservoirs and development of a non-coupled algorithm
to improve long-term modeling
Zeinab Khorrami, Mohammad
Ali Banihashemi
Pages 279-294
===========================================
Yoshimitsu Tajima,
Kavinda Gunasekara, Hung Thanh Nguyen,
Satellite-based
monitoring of contrasting characteristics of suspended sediment discharged from
the Red and the Ma river systems along the northern coast of Vietnam,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 191-204,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.004.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917304055)
Abstract
The northern coast of
Vietnam has accumulated a significant amount of sediment discharged from the
multiple distributaries of rivers such as the Red River and Ma River. While
recent decreases of the sediment supply appears to have a significant impact on
coastal erosion, the complex network of these distributaries makes it difficult
to determine the overall spatiotemporal characteristics of sediment discharges
and related topographic changes. The goal of the current study is to develop a
satellite-based monitoring system for observation of turbidity discharged from
the multiple rivers and to investigate the applicability of the developed
monitoring system through a case study on the northern coast of Vietnam. Based
on the in-situ observed data, a formula was determined for estimation of the
surface water turbidity as a function of the red band reflectance of Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) images. The formula was then
combined with a newly determined threshold for cloud-masking to obtain maps of
the nearshore turbidity patterns. These maps capture the spatiotemporal water
surface turbidity along the entire coast of the Red River Delta and the coast
around the Ma River mouth over the past sixteen years with frequency of twice a
day. Finally, long-term trends of the turbidity patterns from multiple rivers
were compared with the in-situ observation data and it was found that the Red
River and the Ma River showed clearly contrasting characteristics, which
reasonably explain the recent coastal shoreline changes and characteristics of
sediment sampled along the coast.
Keywords
Turbidity; River mouth;
Coastal erosion; MODIS
Abdul Jalil, Yiping Li,
Ke Zhang, Xiaomeng Gao, Wencai Wang, Hafiz Osama SarwarKhan, BaozhuPan,
SalarAli, Kumud Acharya,
Wind-induced hydrodynamic
changes impact on sediment resuspension for large, shallow Lake Taihu, China,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 205-215,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.003.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303797)
Abstract
The internal sediment
release is a key factor controlling eutrophication processes in large, shallow
lakes. Sediment resuspension is associated with the wave and current induced
shear stress in large, shallow lakes. The current study investigated the wind field
impacts on sediment resuspension from the bottom at Meiliang Bay of large,
shallow Lake Taihu. The impacts of the wind field on the wave, current, and
wave-current combined shear stresses were calculated. The critical wind speed
range was 4–6?m/s after which wave and current shear stress started to increase
abruptly, and onshore wind directions were found to be mainly responsible for
greater shear stress at the bottom of Lake Taihu. A second order polynomial
fitting correlation was found between wave (R2 0.4756) and current
(R2 0.4466) shear stresses with wind speed. Wave shear stress
accounted for 92.5% of the total shear stress at Meiliang Bay. The critical
wave shear stress and critical total shear stress were 0.13?N/m2 for
sediment resuspension whereas the current shear stress was 0.019?N/m2 after
which suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) increased abruptly. A second
order polynomial fitting correlation was found between wave (R2
0.739), current (R20.6264), and total shear stress (R2
0.7394) with SSC concentrations at Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu. The sediment
resuspension rate was 120 to 738?g/m2/d during 4–6?m/s onshore winds
while offshore winds contributed ≥ 200?g/m2/d. The study results
reveal the driving mechanism for understanding the role of the wind field in
sediment resuspension while considering wind speed and direction as control
parameters to define wave and current shear stresses.
Keywords
Shear stress; Sediment
resuspension; Lake Taihu; Hydrodynamics; Wind field
Mohamed Jaballah, Benoit
Camenen, André Paquier, Magali Jodeau,
An optimized use of
limited ground based topographic data for river applications,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 216-225,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.002.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303840)
Abstract
A prime requirement for
hydrological applications, such as sediment budgeting or numerical modelling,
is that produced Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) accurately represent the shape
of landforms, especially for river reaches where data are not homogeneous. DTM
error is a function of data point measurement accuracy and density and also of
the field survey strategy when limited amounts of data will be acquired. This
paper aims to advance the importance of the field survey strategy for the
specific, but common cases, where only limited topographic data will be
available. This methodology is based on the idea that any feature can be
properly described by a set of cross sections and breaklines describing both
main and secondary directions of the flow. Then, a longitudinal linear
interpolation can be applied to the defined homogeneous zones. This
morphologically oriented (MO) method that includes data acquisition strategy and
interpolation, was validated using a reference DTM derived from LiDAR
measurements. An estimation of the uncertainties also is suggested based on the
distance of the nearest point and the local slope using a geographically
weighted regression. The proposed MO method is typically applicable to Alpine
river reaches characterized by multiple channels that may always be underwater
and not navigable such as an alternate bar system with secondary and transverse
channels.
Keywords
Digital Terrain Model;
Survey strategy; Interpolation; DTM error; Gravel bar
Seyed Davood Mohammadi,
Fateme Naseri, Roghaye Abri,
Simulating soil loss rate
in Ekbatan Dam watershed using experimental and statistical approaches,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 226-239,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.013.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917302688)
Abstract
Reservoir sedimentation
resulting from water erosion is an important environmental issue in many
countries where storage of water is crucial for economic and agricultural
development. Therefore, this paper reports results from analysis of the soil
hydrological response, i.e. soil water erosion, to simulated rainfall resulting
in sediment accumulation at the reservoir of Ekbatan Dam (Hamedan province,
Iran). Also, another objective of this study was to simulate the future trends
in reservoir sedimentation (soil loss rate; SLR) from indoor rainfall simulator
data by multiple linear regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs).
For this research, three sampling points with different types of soils were
chosen including clayey sand soil (SC-SM), silty soil (ML), and clayey soil
(CL). The input parameters were slope gradient (sin θ), soil type (St), water
content (w), dry density (?d), shear strength (τ), unconfined
compressive strength (qu), permeability (k), and California bearing
ratio (CBR). Using MLR and ANN methods, 7 models were developed with 2 constant
predictors (i.e. sin θ and St) and 6 free predictors which were added in each
step one by one. Among MLR models, model 5 with St, sin θ, ?d, τ, w,
and qu as input parameters was statistically significant. Among ANN models,
model 4 with St, sin θ, ?d, τ, and w as input parameters, 9 nodes,
and 1 hidden layer was statistically significant. The root mean square error
(RMSE), mean error (ME), and correlation coefficient (R) values were 1.433?kg/m2
h, 0.0195?kg/m2 h, and 0.698 for the MLR model and 0.38?kg/m2
h, 0.151?kg/m2 h, and 0.98 for the ANN model, respectively. These
results show that the ANN model could better predict the SLR in comparison to
the MLR model. The results also demonstrate that shear strength, among the
strength parameters, had a greater impact on the SLR than compressive strengths
(qu and CBR). Last but not the least, the reservoir sedimentation
was estimated for all methods and compared with the observed data. The results
indicate that the ANN model is more appropriate for forecasting/simulating the
sediment yield for a small watershed.
Keywords
Soil erosion; Catchment;
Rainfall simulation; Sediment yield estimation; Soil properties; Modeling
Liang Zhao, Ching-Hao Yu,
Zhiguo He,
Numerical modeling of
lock-exchange gravity/turbidity currents by a high-order upwinding combined
compact difference scheme,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 240-250,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.001.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303347)
Abstract
This study presents
two-dimensional direct numerical simulations for sediment-laden current with
higher density propagating forward through a lighter ambient water. The
incompressible NavierStokes equations including the buoyancy force for the
density difference between the light and heavy fluids are solved by a finite
difference scheme based on a structured mesh. The concentration transport
equations are used to explore such rich transport phenomena as gravity and
turbidity currents. Within the framework of an Upwinding Combined Compact
finite Difference (UCCD) scheme, rigorous determination of weighting
coefficients underlies the modified equation analysis and the minimization of
the numerical modified wavenumber. This sixth-order UCCD scheme is implemented
in a four-point grid stencil to approximate advection and diffusion terms in
the concentration transport equations and the first-order derivative terms in
the Navier-Stokes equations, which can greatly enhance convective stability and
increase dispersive accuracy at the same time. The initial discontinuous
concentration field is smoothed by solving a newly proposed Heaviside function
to prevent numerical instabilities and unreasonable concentration values. A
two-step projection method is then applied to obtain the velocity field. The
numerical algorithm shows a satisfying ability to capture the generation,
development, and dissipation of the Kelvin-Helmholz instabilities and turbulent
billows at the interface between the current and the ambient fluid. The
simulation results also are compared with the data in published literatures and
good agreements are found to prove that the present numerical model can well
reproduce the propagation, particle deposition, and mixing processes of
lock-exchange gravity and turbidity currents.
Keywords
Gravity current;
Turbidity current; Depth-resolving mathematical model; Incompressible
Navier-Stokes equations; Upwinding; Combined Compact Difference (UCCD) scheme
Saroja Kumar Barik,
Satyanarayan Bramha, Tapan Kumar Bastia, Dibakar Behera, Pratap KumarMohanty,
Prasanta Rath,
Distribution of
geochemical fractions of phosphorus and its ecological risk in sediment cores
of a largest brackish water lake, South Asia,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 251-261,
ISSN 100-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.004.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918300076)
Abstract
The current study focuses
on the vertical profile of different geochemical fractions of phosphorus -
loosely bound (Lo–P), aluminium bound (Al–P), iron bound (Fe–P), calcium bound
(Ca–P), and organic bound phosphorus (O–P) along with ecological risk
assessment of sediment cores from Chilika Lake, east-coast of India. The
percentage contribution of the different fractions to the sedimentary
phosphorus in the sediment column of the whole lake are on the order: O–P
(33.2%) > Ca–P (20.3%) > Fe–P (18%) > Al–P (6.7%) > Lo–P (0.35%).
The Phosphorus Pollution Index (PPI) revealed the contamination of lake
sediment with phosphorus. The principal component and cluster analyses
highlighted the anthropogenic contribution of phosphorus. The negative loading
of Ca–P with Ca points towards its origin from marine shells. The discriminate
analysis showed that the variables like Ca–P, bio-available phosphorus (BAP),
and pH were able to effectively discriminate the sectors in a significant
manner.
Keywords
Phosphorus fractions;
Ecological risk; Sediment core; Chilika Lake
Chun-Yao Yang, Pierre Y.
Julien,
The ratio of measured to
total sediment discharge,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 262-269,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.005.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100162791830026X)
Abstract
It is important to
examine the ratio of measured to total sediment discharge to determine the
error in measured sediment transport rates from depth-integrated samplers. The
ratio of measured to total sediment discharge as well as the ratio of suspended
to total sediment discharge are examined based on the Modified Einstein
Procedure. Both ratios reduce to a function of the ratio of shear velocity, u*,
to the fall velocity, ω, of suspended material, u*/ω, and the ratio, h/ds,
of flow depth, h, to the median grain size of bed material, d50. In rivers transporting
fine material (such as silt or clay), the ratio of suspended to total load is a
function of the ratio, h/d50. In this study, it is found that the
ratio of measured to total load becomes a simple function of flow depth. For
fine sediment transport, with a Rouse number (Ro) <0.3, at least 80% of
sediment load is in suspension when h/d50>15, and at least 90% of
sediment load is measured from depth integrating samples when h>1m. Detailed
measurements from 35 river stations in South Korea demonstrate that sand sizes
and finer fractions predominantly are transported in suspension. Also, at least
90% of sand and finer fractions are transported in suspension in gravel and
sand bed rivers when the discharge is larger than the mean annual discharge.
Keywords
Modied Einstein
Procedure; Total sediment load; South Korea
Morteza Alavinia, Farzin
Nasiri Saleh, Hossain Asadi,
Effects of rainfall
patterns on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion,
International Journal of
Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 270-278,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.11.001.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918300234)
Abstract
Rainfall-induced erosion
involves the detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their
transport by the combined action of the shallow surface runoff and raindrop
impact. Although temporal variation in rainfall intensity (pattern) during
natural rainstorms is a common phenomenon, the available information is
inadequate to understand its effects on runoff and rainfall-induced erosion
processes. To address this issue, four simulated rainfall patterns (constant,
increasing, decreasing, and increasing - decreasing) with the same total
kinetic energy were designed. Two soil types (sandy and sandy loam) were
subjected to simulated rainfall using 15?cm × 30?cm long detachment trays under
infiltration conditions. For each simulation, runoff and sediment concentration
were sampled at regular intervals. No obvious difference was observed in runoff
across the two soil types, but there were significant differences in soil
losses among the different rainfall patterns and stages. For varying-intensity
rainfall patterns, the dominant sediment transport mechanism was not only
influenced by raindrop detachment but also was affected by raindrop-induced
shallow flow transport. Moreover, the efficiency of equations that predict the
interrill erosion rate increased when the integrated raindrop impact and
surface runoff rate were applied. Although the processes of interrill erosion
are complex, the findings in this study may provide useful insight for
developing models that predict the effects of rainfall pattern on runoff and
erosion.
Keywords
Rainfall pattern;
Sediment concentration; Soil loss; Sediment transport mechanisms
Zeinab Khorrami, Mohammad
Ali Banihashemi,
Numerical simulation of
sedimentation process in reservoirs and development of a non-coupled algorithm
to improve long-term modeling,
International Journal of
Sediment Ressearch,
Volume 34, Issue 3,
2019,
Pages 279-294,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.003.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918300222)
Abstract
This paper investigates
the validity of a quasi-steady approximation for sediment transport and
presents a new algorithm based on this concept. The developed non-coupled
algorithm interacts among hydrodynamic, sediment, and morphology modules which
are based on depth-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the flow, the
three-dimensional equation of conservation of sediment, and the mass balance
between the bed and sediment (Exner equation) to simulate the reservoir
sedimentation process. The non-coupled algorithm solves both the short-term
scale and the relatively long-term scale problems of reservoir sedimentation.
The proposed algorithm is verified using field data and by comparison with
other accurate algorithms. Based upon the results of this investigation, the
developed algorithm can be used to simulate long-term reservoir sedimentation
while considerably decreasing the computational costs and preserving computational
accuracy. The computational cost of the non-coupled algorithm is about 97% less
than the conventional semi-coupled approach whereas the errors (Root Mean
Square Error, Average Relative Error, and Maximum Relative Error of bed level)
of the developed algorithm are approximately 15% greater than those for the
semi-coupled algorithm for the average value.
Keywords
Long-term simulation;
Reservoir; Coupling algorithm; Sediment and morphology; Non-coupled;
Semi-coupled
