Papers Published in the International Journal of Sediment
Research Volume 34, No.1,2019
International Journal of Sediment Research
Volume 34, Issue 1
Pages 1-84 (February 2019)
Estimation of debris flow discharge coefficient considering
sediment concentration
Namgyun Kim, Hajime Nakagawa, Kenji Kawaike, Hao Zhang
Pages 1-7
The effects of hydrogen bonding on the shear viscosity of liquid
water
Hongwei Fang, Ke Ni, Jian Wu, Jun Li, ... Danny Reible
Pages 8-13
Impact of environmental variables on spatial and seasonal
internal phosphorus loading in a mesoeutrophic lake
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura, Ryszard Go?dyn, Julia Bogucka, Katarzyna Strzelczyk
Pages 14-26
Prediction of sedimentation in reservoirs by combining catchment
based model and stream based model with limited data
Abebe Tadesse, Wenhong Dai
Pages 27-37
Portable rainfall simulator for plot-scale investigation of
rainfall-runoff, and transport of sediment and pollutants
Julien Boulange, Farag Malhat, Piyanuch Jaikaew, Kazuki Nanko,
Hirozumi Watanabe
Pages 38-47
Trophic functioning of macrobenthic fauna in a tropical
acidified Bornean estuary (Southeast Asia)
Mohammad Belal Hossain
Pages 48-57
Partition-coordinated control of soil and water loss for
chestnut forests in the Yanshan Mountain Region, China
Xinhui Ding, Guangquan Liu, Xiaoying Liu, Yongsheng Xie, Zhichun
Yue
Pages 58-64
Assessment of water body change and sedimentation rate in Moulay
Bousselham wetland, Morocco, using geospatial technologies
Mounir Karim, Mehdi Maanan, Mohamed Maanan, Hassan Rhinane, ...
Lahssen Baidder
Pages 65-72
Two-thousand years of debates and practices of Yellow River
training strategies
Zhaoyin Wang, Cheng Liu
Pages 73-83
===========================================
Namgyun Kim, Hajime Nakagawa, Kenji Kawaike, Hao Zhang，
Estimation of debris flow discharge
coefficient considering sediment concentration，
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 1-7
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.05.003.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918301951)
Abstract:
A sabo dam has a purpose to block the path of debris flow. However, when
overflow occurs, a sabo dam works as a weir, a vertical obstruction, where the
fluid must flow over. Many empirical formulas and discharge coefficients for
weirs relating flow depth to discharge have been proposed to calculate overflow
discharges. However, only a few studies about overflow discharge coefficients are
available in the case of debris flow. In this paper, experiments and numerical
simulations were done to estimate debris flow discharge coefficients by
considering the sediment concentration. In the numerical simulation, a complete
overflow equation and a free overfall equation were implemented to calculate
debris overflow discharges at a sabo dam. To determine the discharge
coefficients for each equation, single factor regression analysis was used.
Laboratory experiments were done to calibrate and to compare with the
simulation. Study results showed that the discharge coefficients increase as
the sediment concentration increases. This finding suggests debris flow
discharge coefficients are derived to calculate the debris overflow discharges
at a sabo dam.
Keywords:
Numerical simulation; Debris flow; Sabo dam; Discharge coefficient
Hongwei Fang, Ke Ni, Jian Wu, Jun Li, Lei Huang, Danny Reible,
The
effects of hydrogen bonding on the shear viscosity of liquid water,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 8-13
ISSN 1001-6279
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.008.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627918303263)
Abstract: As one of the fundamental physical properties of
fluids, viscosity is considered to be the result of intermolecular forces and
molecular momentum exchange. In this paper, we assume that hydrogen bonds,
as the dominant intermolecular force, dominate the shear viscosity of liquid
water and a relationship between the shear viscosity and hydrogen bonding is
developed using dimensional analysis, which is further validated by
computational chemistry methods. Water, methanol and ethanol are taken as
examples to illustrate shear viscosity accounting for intermolecular forces and
momentum exchange and their temperature dependence as a result of molecular
thermal motions. The calculated shear viscosity of water is consistent with
experimental data, which supports the idea that we can use the conceptual model
to reveal the nature of shear viscosity.
Keywords:
Viscosity; Hydrogen bonding; Liquid water; Dimensional analysis
Katarzyna Kowalczewska-Madura, Ryszard Go?dyn, Julia Bogucka, Katarzyna Strzelczyk,
Impact
of environmental variables on spatial and seasonal internal phosphorus loading
in a mesoeutrophic lake,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 14-26,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.008.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917301105)
Abstract:
Strzeszynskie Lake was formerly a slightly eutrophic (meso-eutrophic) water
body. The aim of the current research was to define variables on both spatial
and seasonal internal phosphorus loading from bottom sediments at five stations
located in zones varying in depth, oxygenation, macrophyte presence, and uses
of the neighboring catchment area. Ex situ experiments done with the use of
intact bottom sediment cores have shown that the highest phosphorus release
occurred in the deepest part of the lake and reached 3.6 mg P/m2d under
anoxic conditions during summer thermal stratification. In turn, the internal
loading from littoral sediments, which were well aerated all year round, was
clearly lower. Furthermore, phosphorus accumulation in the bottom sediment was
observed to reach a maximum of 1.45 mg P/m2 d in autumn. A comparison of the internal loading
intensity in lake zones with different land uses of the neighboring catchment
area has shown slightly higher values at stations adjacent to the forest
catchment area than those used for recreation. Changes in the land use of the
catchment area of Strzeszynskie Lake, especially the increase in impermeable
surfaces, have led to an increased inflow of external loads after heavy rains,
resulting in deterioration in water quality and a delayed increase in internal
loading.
Keywords:
Bottom sediments; Interstitial water; Bottom water; Internal loading;
Sediment-water interface
Abebe
Tadesse, Wenhong Dai,
Prediction
of sedimentation in reservoirs by combining catchment based model and stream
based model with limited data,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 27-37,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.001.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917301506)
Abstract:
Estimation of sedimentation in reservoirs helps in the management and
design of the reservoir's
useful capacity. This research was done on the Awash River basin at the Koka
Dam Reservoir in Ethiopia. The method applied was the loose integration of the
Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Hydrologic Engineering
Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model for the estimation of the sediment
load reaching the reservoir. The SWAT model was used for the estimation of
erosion at the catchment level, and the HEC-RAS model was applied to
estimate the sediment transport in the river channel. The implemented
method allows sedimentation in the floodplains and bed shear stress to be
considered in the sediment modeling, which cannot be considered in the SWAT
model. In addition, the river cross sectional properties and
the hydrodynamic processes in the rivers were considered in the
modeling process. The data used in this study are a combination of i) observed
data collected by government agencies, ii) data available online in data
repositories, and iii) data extracted from remote sensing in the
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The
calibration and validation of the SWAT model was done by using Sequential
Uncertainty Fitting (SUIF-2) calibration and validation tools. The HEC-RAS
model was calibrated by adjusting the roughness factor. The output from the
integrated approaches gives better estimates of flow and sediment near the
inlet to the reservoir, with coefficients of determination of 0.85 and 0.67,
respectively, and Nash Sutcliffe coefficients of model fit efficiency of 0.90
and 0.62, respectively, for daily simulations.
Keywords:
Reservoir sedimentation; Awash River; SWAT; HEC-RAS; Rating curve
Julien Boulange, Farag Malhat, Piyanuch Jaikaew, Kazuki Nanko,
Hirozumi Watanabe,
Portable
rainfall simulator for plot-scale investigation of rainfall-runoff, and
transport of sediment and pollutants,
International
Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 38-47,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.003.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917300173)
Abstract:
A low-cost, simple to use portable rainfall simulator is developed for use over
a 5 m2 plot. The simulator is
easy to transport and assemble in the field, thereby allowing for necessary
experimental replicates to be done. It provides rainfall
intensities of between 20 and 100 mm/h
by changing the number and type of silicon nozzles used. The Christiansen
coefficient of uniformities obtained in the field are appropriate and vary from
79 to 94% for rainfall intensities ranging from 30 to 70 mm/h. In addition, the median volumetric drop diameters measured
for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mm/h are in the lower range of that of natural rainfall and
equal to 1.10±0.08, 1.69±0.21, and
1.66±0.20 mm, respectively. The velocities of the raindrops with
diameters less than 1.2 mm
reached terminal velocities, while raindrops less than 2.0 mm achieved velocities reasonably close to the terminal velocity
of natural rainfall. Furthermore, the average time-specific kinetic
energy (KET) for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mm/h are 257.7, 760.1, and 1645.2 J/m2/h, respectively accounting for about 78.0 and 86.5% of
the KET of natural rainfall for 50 and 70 mm/h rainfall intensity, respectively. The applicability of the
portable rainfall simulator for herbicide transport study is
investigated using two herbicides (atrazine and metolachlor); herbicide losses
in runoff and sediment samples are in the ranges reported in the literature. As
a percentage of the amount of herbicide applied, 5.29%
of atrazine and 2.15% of metolachlor are lost due to
combined water and sediment runoff. The results show that the portable rainfall
simulator can be effectively used in studying processes such as pesticide
runoff, infiltration mechanisms, and sediment generation and
transport at a field plot scale with an emphasis on how surface characteristics
such as slope and soil properties affect these processes.
Keywords:
Rainfall simulator; Rainfall intensity; Raindrop energy; Raindrop size
distribution; Rainfall uniformity
Mohammad Belal Hossain,
Trophic functioning of macrobenthic fauna in a tropical
acidified Bornean estuary (Southeast Asia),
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 48-57,
ISSN 100-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.002.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917302135)
Abstract:
The trophic structure of a community is used to infer ecosystem
functioning (e.g. energy transfer and nutrient cycling). Here
the trophic structure of the benthic infaunal and epifaunal communities in the
Brunei Estuary are characterized, and their distribution along an
estuarine pH gradient is analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques.
This analysis revealed that surface deposit feeders (e.g., polychaetes)
were numerically dominant within the infaunal communities whereas in the
epifaunal communities filter feeders (e.g., bivalves) were highly
abundant. Species richness for almost all trophic groups increased
toward the lower estuary, except for omnivores in the epifaunal communities,
which decreased markedly. Both Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Analysis of
Similarities (ANOSIM) detected significant differences in the density of
respective trophic groups among stations. Within infaunal communities, both
Biological and Environmental procedure (BIO-ENV) and
Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that trophic shifts
were associated with environmental gradients. Surface-deposit feeders and
omnivores were the most abundant macrobenthos of the upper estuary
characterized by low salinity, low pH, and a higher percentage of mud
particles. The proportion of filter feeders and carnivores increased with
salinity/pH and sand. A more uniform distribution of trophic structure was
found in the lower estuary, with high salinity and pH over sandy habitat. In
contrast, within epifaunal trophic groups, the percentage of surface deposit
feeders and omnivores declined, but filter feeders remarkably increased toward
the sea. The proportion of carnivores remained similar at all stations.
Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (nMDS) ordination for epifaunal trophic
groups clearly demarcated higher salinity/pH stations from lower salinity/pH
stations, suggesting different trophic compositions along the estuarine pH
gradient.
Keywords:
Macrobenthic communities; Trophic structure; Environmental
factors; Acidity; Tropical estuary
Xinhui
Ding, Guangquan Liu, Xiaoying Liu, Yongsheng Xie, Zhichun Yue,
Partition-coordinated
control of soil and water loss for chestnut forests in the Yanshan Mountain
Region, China,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 58-64,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.10.006.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917302883)
Abstract：Soil erosion from chestnut forests is one of the most
important factors causing land degradation in the
Yanshan Mountain Region. A 2-year field study was done to compare the effects
on erosion of a control plot (CP), a repaired and maintained horizontal ditch
built with an engineering baffle every 6?m (MP 1), and a repaired and maintained horizontal ditch built
with an engineering baffle every 8 m
(MP 2). The results showed that the slope runoff of chestnut forests was
influenced by rainfall characteristic factors. No single rainfall
characteristic factor showed dominance for hill slope runoff. The runoff
reduction effect of the partition-coordinated erosion control measures
(MP 1 and MP 2) was substantial for chestnut forests under high rainfall
intensity conditions. However, the runoff reduction efficiency was higher
under the conditions of heavy rainfall and low average rainfall intensity than
for storms with higher intensity and lower total rainfall. The reduction effect
of the partition-coordinated erosion control measures on the runoff
and sediment yield of chestnut forest slopes was MP 2 > MP 1 >
CP. The runoff reduction rate and erosion reduction rate of MP 2 reached 61.70%
and 97.41%, respectively, and that for MP 1 was 54.15% and 85.31%,
respectively. Therefore, after a comprehensive comparison, MP 2 was determined
to be more effective for soil erosion control for a sloping chestnut forest.
Keywords:
Chestnut forest; Soil and water loss; Erosion control; Runoff reduction rate;
Erosion reduction rate
Mounir Karim, Mehdi Maanan, Mohamed Maanan, Hassan Rhinane,
Henri Rueff, Lahssen Baidder,
Assessment
of water body change and sedimentation rate in Moulay Bousselham wetland,
Morocco, using geospatial technologies,
International Journal of Sediment Research,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 65-72,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.007.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303141)
Abstract:
Coastal lagoons have significant biodiversity and ecologic and
socio-economic interest. Several resident and migratory birds live in
coastal lagoons as well as fish and other aquatic biota. Over the years,
lagoons worldwide have been subject to considerable sediment deposition coming
especially from soil erosion due of agricultural activities, and the
lagoons inflows have resulted in an
accelerated sedimentation which can drastically affect
the aquatic ecosystem balance. A new, fast, and cost-effective
approach was developed, using water surface change as a proxy, to evaluate the
sediment deposition rate. In the current research, this methodology was applied
in the Moulay Bousselham Lagoon in Morocco, and a combination
of Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 imagery acquired at four points
in time over 30 years (1985–2015) was
used. Following geometric correction and enhancement, the
interpretation of the acquired images provided important insight on the current
conditions of the water surface change using the Normalized Difference Water
Index (NDWI). Several iterations were done to determine a suitable threshold
for effective water surface detection. In order to validate the automatically
extracted water surface features, many band combinations of Landsat and
Sentinel 2 were used as references to run the accuracy assessment. The results
show that the Moulay Bousselham Lagoon lost 17.60% (106 ha) of its water surface area, and 530,000 m3 to 1,060,000 m3 of
its water volume during the last three decades. Converting water surface loss
into sedimentation returned a rate of 0.58 cm/yr. These results have been confirmed by previous field work
using sedimentological approaches. Proper management should be applied to
sustain the vitality of this lagoon environment.
Keywords:
Environmental monitoring; Remote sensing; GIS; Spatial analyst; Human/nature
interaction; Sustainability planning
Zhaoyin Wang, Cheng Liu,
Two-thousand
years of debates and practices of Yellow River training strategies,
International Journal of Sediment Ressearch,
Volume 34, Issue 1,
2019,
Pages 73-83,
ISSN 1001-6279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.08.006.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627917303074)
Abstract:
Throughout the history of China, the Yellow River has been associated with
flood disasters and changes in the course of its lower reaches because
of sedimentation. From 602 B.C. to 1949 the river experienced 1593
levee bursts, flooding vast areas, and claiming millions of human lives. The
river shifted its main course by avulsion 26 times with the apex
around Zhengzhou, resulting in devastating calamities and numerous old
channels. Training of the Yellow River has a history of more than 3000 yr. Levee construction has been the major strategy for flood control. Two extremely different strategies has been
proposed and practiced in the past 2000 yr, i.e. the “wide river and depositing sediment” strategy
and the “narrow river and scouring sediment” strategy. This paper analyzes the levee breaches and flood
disasters in the past 2000 yr and compares the results of the two extremely
different strategies. The “narrow river and scouring
sediment” strategy has only short term effects on levee
breach control and flood mitigation. The “wide river
and depositing sediment” strategy can essentially
mitigate flood disasters and reduce levee breaches for a long term period of
time. The “wide river and depositing sediment” strategy has been used and no levee breach has occurred in the past
67 yr, which has been the only
periods of more than 50 yr
with no levee breaches in the history of the Yellow River since 700 A.D. Modern flood and sedimentation management methods have also
been introduced, and the strategy of applying the “widen the river and enhance the levees”
approach for the upper and lower reaches management is proposed.
Keywords:
Yellow River; Levee breaches; Avulsion; Wide river and depositing sediment
strategy; Narrow river and scouring sediment strategy
